先合同信息披露义务的设定原则研究——以信息类型化为框架

On the Principles of Stipulating the Pre-contractual Duty of Disclosing Information: Based on the Classification of Information

正确履行缔约中的信息披露义务能有效地避免因现代交易的复杂性所导致的合同错误。要在立法上恰当设定该义务,实现对合同当事人缔约行为的妥当干预,则应以信息的获取和使用上存在的属性差异为分类标准进行类型化处理,并在此基础上综合考量该义务对个体与社会利益产生的积极和消极影响。此外,考虑到合同类型的多样化特征以及当事人所处的不同地位可能对义务设定产生的影响,以最为典型的买卖合同中买方和卖方为分析对象,研究如何对该义务进行设定,并提炼其中的一般性结论使之可拓展适用于其他类型合同的研究方法亦是应当被采纳的。

The pre-contractual duty of disclosing information has an important role in overcoming the mistakes and risks of contract caused by the complexity of modern transactions. To appropriately stipulate the duty, genre analysis which based on the difference between information acquisition and information application should be taken as a basic research method first, then the positive and negative impacts of the duty on individual and so-cial benefits should also be considered. Because the types of contracts and the different status of the parties might affect the results of disclosure, the research method of taking seller and buyer of sales contract as the typ-ical analytic subject first, and then expanding the general conclusions to the parties of other kinds of contracts should also be applied.