新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区岩面生地衣群落数量分类及其与环境相关性

Quantitative classification of saxicolous lichen community in Xinjiang Tumur Peak National Natural Reserve and its correlation with environment

采用样地法对新疆托木尔峰国家级自然保护区岩面生地衣群落的种类组成进行调查和统计,并以各种类的盖度为指标、应用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)对岩面生地衣群落进行数量分类;采用Srensen相似性系数分析各群丛的物种相似性;此外,应用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了岩面生地衣种类分布与环境因子间的关系。结果表明:该保护区岩面生地衣群落共包含58种地衣,隶属于6目18科35属;优势科有5个,包含的属、种数量分别占该保护区岩面生地衣属、种总数的42.86%和62.07%。依据TWINSPAN和DCA分析结果并结合生境特征,可将该保护区岩面生地衣群落划分为5个群丛:群丛A,包氏微孢衣+双缘衣群丛(Assoc.Acarospora bohlinii+Diploschistes scruposus);群丛B,油黄茶渍+亚白平茶渍+柔扁枝衣群丛(Assoc.Candelariella oleifera+Aspicilia subalbicans+Evernia divaricata);群丛C,斑纹网衣+旱梅衣+淡肤根石耳群丛(Assoc.Lecidea tessellata+Parmelia vegans+Umbilicaria verginis);群丛D,丽石黄衣+白泡鳞衣群丛(Assoc.Xanthoria elegans+Toninia candida);群丛E,皮果衣+硬袋衣群丛(Assoc.Dermatocarpon miniatum+Hypogymnia austerodes)。相似性分析结果表明:群丛A与群丛B、群丛C与群丛D间的物种相似性较高,相似性系数分别为0.615和0.733;群丛B与群丛C间的物种相似性次之,相似性系数为0.363;其他群丛间的物种相似性均较低。CCA分析结果显示:该保护区岩面生地衣群落的物种分布受到海拔、光照强度、岩面p H值和相对湿度的影响。

Investigation and statistics on species composition of saxicolous lichen community in Xinjiang Tumur Peak National Natural Reserve were carried out by plot method. Saxicolous lichen communities were quantitatively classified based on species coverage by two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN） and detrended correspondence analysis （DCA）. And species similarity of each association was analyzed by Sorensen similarity coefficient. In addition, relationship between species distribution of saxicolous lichen and environmental factors was studied by canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）. The results show that there are 58 lichen species belonging to 35 genus in 18 families of 6 orders in saxicolous lichen community in this reserve. There are 5 dominant families, in which, numbers of genus and species of saxicolous lichen account for 42.86% and 62.07% of total numbers of genus and species in this reserve, respectively. According to analysis results of TWINSPAN and DCA and combined with habitat characteristics, saxicolous lichen community can be divided into five associations, association A （ Assoc. Acarospora bohlinii ＋ Diploschistes scruposus ） , association B （ Assoc. CandelarieUa oleifera ＋Aspicilia subalbicans ＋ Evernia divaricata ） , association C （ Assoc. Lecidea tessellata ＋ Parmelia vegans ＋ Umbilicaria verginis ）, association D （Assoc. Xanthoria elegans ＋ Toninia candida ） and association E （Assoc. Dermatocarpon miniatum ＋Hypogymnia austerodes ）. The similarity analysis result shows that species similarity between association A and association B, association C and association D is higher with similarity coefficient of 0. 615 and 0. 733, respectively, that between association B and association C takes the second place with similarity coefficient of 0. 363, and those between other associations all are lower. The CCA analysis result shows that species distribution of saxicolous lichen community in Xinjiang Tumur Peak National Natural Reserve is affected by altitude, light intensity, pH value on rock surface and relative humidity.