自然环境中抗生素抗性起源、分布及其影响因素的研究进展

Origin, Distribution, and Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Natural Environments

抗生素抗性及其在全球范围内的传播已经成为国际关注的热点。近年来,土壤、水体等自然环境中广泛受到抗生素抗性不同程度的"污染",即使在未使用过抗生素的偏远环境中也检测到抗生素抗性的存在,给生态系统、医疗领域及公共卫生事业造成巨大威胁。了解当前抗生素抗性在自然环境中的分布现状,明确其起源及影响因素是全面了解导致抗生素抗性进化和扩散条件的基础,同时也能为新的抗生素药物的发现提供重要的信息线索。为此,本文结合最新文献对自然环境中抗生素抗性的分布、起源及其影响因素这三方面的研究进展进行综述,并对进一步的研究发展提出建议。

Antibiotic resistance（AR） and its global spread have become an international hot topic. It is now recognized that the natural environments such as soils and waters have been ＂polluted＂ by AR to different degrees, and AR has been detected even in remote areas without antibiotic application history. Therefore, AR has posed a serious threat to ecosystem, medical field, and public health. Identifying the origin, distribution, and determinants of AR is the basis for understanding the evolution and diffusion of AR in natural environments, and provides critical information for developing new antibiotics. Here, we summarize latest research advances from three aspects of AR and suggest potential directions for future study.