高原新兵的应对方式特点及影响路径分析

Characteristics and influencing path analysis of coping styles of new recruits for plateaus

目的探讨高原新兵应对方式的特点与生活事件、社会支持、人格特征之间的关系及可能的影响路径。方法采用简易应对方式问卷(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)、团体用心理应激调查表(psychosocial stress survey for groups,PSSG)、领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)对高原新兵539名进行现场心理测评。结果 1高原新兵积极应对方式均值为(1.85±0.44),消极应对方式均值为(1.12±0.55),其中积极应对倾向的新兵有409人(75.88%),其积极应对方式均值为(1.99±0.38),消极应对方式均值(0.97±0.48)。2积极应对倾向组在积极情绪体验、社会支持和E维度得分均显著高于消极应对倾向组(P<0.01),而生活事件、消极情绪体验以及N维度得分显著低于消极倾向组(P<0.01)。3积极应对方式与生活事件、N维度呈显著负相关(r=-0.114,r=-0.182,P<0.01),与社会支持和E维度呈显著正相关(P<0.01);消极应对方式则与生活事件、N维度呈显著正相关(r=0.300,r=0.456,P<0.01)。4社会支持和人格特征对积极应对方式有正向预测作用,其中其他支持最具预测力,其单独解释量为25.4%。对消极应对方式,神经质维度能解释20.8%变异。5路径分析结果显示,其他支持对积极应对方式有着显著的直接影响(r=0.304,P<0.01),朋友支持能够通过E维度的中介作用增强对积极应对方式的影响(r=0.208,P<0.01)。6生活事件以N维度为中介间接增强了对高原新兵消极应对方式的影响。结论大多数高原新兵采用了积极的应对方式,其他支持和E维度对积极应对方式有增进作用,生活事件经由N维度的中介对消极应对方式产生显著影响。

Objective To investigate the characteritics of the coping styles of high altitude new recruits and the relationship between the coping styles and the life events, social support and personality characteristics, and explore possible influencing paths. Methods A total of 539 recruits were tested by the simplified coping style questionnaire （SCSQ） , psychosocial stress survey for groups （PSSG）, perceived social support scale （PSSS） and Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ）. Results Positive coping styles were mostly taken by 409 recruits （75.88%）, with （1.99 ± 0.38 ） as mean, whereas negative coping styles were rarely used, with （0. 97 ± 0.48） as mean. The scores of positive emotion experience, social support and EPQ-extraversion （EPQ-E） in the positive coping style group were significantly higher than those in the passive coping style group （P 〈 0. 01 ）, while the scores of life events, negative emotion experience and EPQ- neuroticism （EPQ-N） were significantly lower （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The positive coping styles were negatively correlated with the life events and EPQ-N （ P 〈 0.01 ）, and positively correlated with the social support and EPQ-E （P 〈 0.01 ）, while the negative coping styles were positively correlated with the life events and EPQ-N （P〈 0.01 ）. Social support and personality characteristics had positive prediction influence to the positive coping styles, and other support was the most powerful predictor, which accounted for 25.4% of the total variance. EPQ-N could explain variation of the negative coping styles by 20.8%. Path analytic models revealed that other support had a significant direct impact on the positive coping styles （ r = 0. 304, P 〈 0.01 ）, and friend support increased its influence to the positive coping styles via EPQ-E （ r = 0. 208, P 〈 0.01 ）. Life events increased its influence to the negative coping styles of the recruits at high altitude via EPQ-N. Conclusion Most recruits at high altitude are more likely to take the positive coping styles when facing problems. Other support and EPQ-E have a positive promoting influence to the positive coping styles. Life events influence the negative coping styles via EPQ-N.