文化与象征——罗兰·巴尔特的五种代码分析法及相关问题

Culture and Symbol—Roland Barthes’Method of Textual Analysis and the Problem of Code

罗兰·巴尔特对巴尔扎克短篇小说《萨拉辛》和爱伦·坡短篇小说《巴尔德马先生病案的真相》所做的多元阅读，是他从“符号学”阶段转向“文本性”阶段、从封闭的结构分析转向开放的文本分析的经典范例。这种基于五类意义代码的批评方法是巴尔特进行文学评估的手段，其中的“文化代码”和“象征代码”分别代表着作品价值标尺的两极。巴尔特对“代码”这一术语的反常使用，为他超越结构主义的文本观、转向后结构主义的互文观提供了可能。

Roland Barthe’plural reading of Balzac＇s Sarrasine and Edgar Allan Poe‘s The Facts in the Case of M.Valdemar is a classic example confirming his transition from the “semiology”phase to that of “textuality”,or from structural analysis to textual analysis. This particular method of critique, based on five codes of meaning,is applied by Barthes to evaluating literary works. Thus the “cultural code”and the “symbolic code”represent respectively the two poles of his literary value scale. As for the notion of the code,it is used by Barthes in an unusual way that allows him to go beyond the struc-turalist view of text to the post-structuralist view of intertextuality.