凤雏三号基址初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Foundation No. 3 at Fengchu

本文尝试复原了新发现的凤雏三号基址的柱网结构,认为其主体台基和东西两侧台基进深大,庭院面积占比较小,梁架结构复杂。对比年代早于和晚于三号基址的商周时期大型建筑,可以认为它正处于建筑形式和梁架结构发展的关键阶段,具有承前启后的意义。凤雏三号基址的庭院中有特殊的立石和铺石遗迹,我们认为可能是某种神主和祭祀神主的坛场。由于现存文献中石质社主的记录相对丰富,可以进一步推测这处遗迹可能是社主和社坛。三号基址布局严谨、规模宏大,是官方有组织建造的,大概相当于文献中记载的社宫。它是目前证据最充分、年代也较早的官方社祀遗存。

In this paper we attempt to reconstruct the grid system of post holes from the newly discovered Building No. 3 at Fengchu, and to discuss its significance in the history of Chinese architecture through comparisons with other large-scale buildings of the Shang and Zhou periods. The building has a unique feature of stele and boulder pavement in its courtyard. We argue that this was probably an altar for worshipping a certain god represented by the stele. Since records about stone she （社） tablet are most abundant in transmitted texts, we further deduce that Building No. 3 was a she precinct of the Western Zhou period, an early site of the official she rituals with the most substantial evidence known at present.