去卵巢大鼠骨、生殖系统组织病理学与形态计量学观察

Observation of histopathology and histomorphometry of the bone and the reproductive system in ovariectomized rats

目的观察去卵巢大鼠骨、生殖系统的组织病理学和形态计量学变化。方法将40只3月龄健康雌性SD大鼠随机分为两组,20只实施卵巢去除手术,20只实施假手术。术后3个月分别从两组大鼠中随机抽取7只,解剖后进行胫骨、股骨、子宫和阴道组织样品的取材,常规石蜡包埋、切片、H&E染色并观察。应用病理图像分析系统对胫骨、股骨、子宫和阴道进行形态计量学分析。结果去势组大鼠胫骨、股骨干骺端骨小梁面积百分率、骨小梁平均厚度均较假手术组减少(P<0.05),去势组骨小梁间距较假手术组增大(P<0.05);去势组大鼠子宫萎缩,子宫管径、子宫黏膜上皮厚度、子宫肌层厚度、以及子宫腺数量均较假手术组显著降低(P<0.05);阴道黏膜上皮的厚度较假手术组显著降低(P<0.05)。组织学观察显示去除卵巢后3个月大鼠呈现明显的骨质疏松症状以及生殖系统萎缩等。结论去卵巢大鼠除骨组织结构改变外,子宫和阴道组织学形态变化证实雌性动物子宫、阴道黏膜的形态受雌激素的直接调节。

Objective To observe the pathology and histomorphometry of the bone and reproductive system in ovariectomized rats. Methods Forty 3-month-old healthy female SD rats were randomly divided to 2 groups, 20 rats were surgically ovariectomized（ OVX） and another 20 rats were operated as sham control. Three months after the operation,7 rats were randomly selected from each group. The rats were dissected and the tissues of the tibia,femur,uterus,and vagina were collected for histopathological and histomorphometric analysis. Re sults The areas and thickness of the trabecular bone of the tibia and femur in OVX animals decreased while the trabecular bone spacing increased comparing to those in the sham animals（ P〈0. 05）. In addition,the OVX aniamls had significant reduction in diameter of the uterus, in thickness of the uterine epithelium and myometrium layers,in the number of the uterine glands,and the thickness of the vaginal mucosa layer（ P〈0. 05）. The histological observation showed that osteoporosis and atrophic changes in the genital system appeared in OVX rats in 3 months. Conclusion The bone structure changes in the ovariectomized rats. The morphological changes of uterus and vagina confirm that the uterus and the vaginal morphology are directly regulated by estrogen.