一种城市电动公交客车制动能量回馈方法

Novel regenerative braking method for electric city bus

为提高汽车能源利用率,提出一种电回馈制动与机械摩擦制动相结合的城市电动公交客车制动能量回馈方法.采用可控制实现串并联实时切换的超级电容器模块作为电源,当电动公交客车驱动运行时,控制超级电容器模块串联放电提供能量;而当电动公交客车制动运行时,控制超级电容器模块并联充电回馈能量.在制动初始阶段,采用电回馈制动,电动机发电运行并提供恒制动扭矩,当电动机转速减至不能提供恒制动扭矩时,由机械制动提供制动力直至制动过程结束.仿真和试验结果证明:提出的制动能量回馈方法可实现低速制动能量回馈,具有较高的制动能量回馈效率.

A novel regenerative braking method for electric city bus was presented,which used the series-parallel switchable ultra-capacitor（UC）models.UC models were controlled discharging in series during driving operations and were controlled charging in parallel for regenerative braking operations.With the proposed strategy,torque of generator could be maintained constant with only regenerative braking in the early course of braking process,and the mechanical braking system continued to brake the vehicle when the torque of generator could not be maintained constant.The simulation models of the proposed regenerative braking system and strategy were built.Simulation and some experimental results indicate that the present approach can achieve low speeds regenerative braking and provide an improvement in fuel economy of the electric city bus and guarantee the brake safety in the meantime.