电磁能量收集技术现状及发展趋势

The State-of-the-Art and the Future Trends of Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting

随着无线传感网络应用的普及,能量收集技术作为一种可持续、环保的供电方式,受到了越来越广泛的关注。文中对能量收集技术进行了介绍,重点详细综述了电磁能量收集技术的现状及发展。首先介绍了电磁能量收集系统的基本结构和工作原理,对系统效率进行了分析。在此基础上从总体收集水平、接收天线的设计、整流电路的设计、超材料和实际应用等方面,对现有研究工作和热点问题进行了总结论述。最后,在当前研究工作的基础之上,对该技术有待研究的问题及发展趋势进行了展望。

In recent years, with the development of wireless sensor networks, wide attention has been paid on energy harvesting, as a renewable and eco-friendly power source. This paper mainly focuses on electromagnetic or radio-frequency （RF） energy harvesting on the foundation of the brief introduction to energy harvesting. Firstly, the basic structures and principles are introduced, with detailed analysis on the system effi- ciency. Then the current related work and hot fields are categorized and elaborated, in terms of the overall harves- ting level, receiving antennas, rectifiers, meta-materials, and practical applications. Finally, based on the state-of-the-art, some urgent problems and future trends are discussed.