无心而顺性与习以成性——郭象玄学意义的功夫论刍议

Being Inadvertently Compliant and Learning by Practice——Discussion of the Self-cultivation in Guo Xiang's Metaphysics

在郭象的玄学体系中,一方面强调独化自性,强调万物的差异性和性之不可变,另一方面也不否定后天的练习对成就性的作用,这就是郭象以独化论为基础的功夫论。独化即是要顺性而化,人要做到顺性而化则要无心,这既是从万物存在的本体论的角度对人的存在方式提出的要求,也是人的应然的存在方式的本体论依据。而如何成就人的独化,就是功夫论所要解决的问题。习以成性并非能够改变人的性,而是通过不断地反复练习,使人达到物我两忘的境界,使性之能能够全然的凸显出来,从而实现人生的逍遥。

In Guo Xiang＇s Metaphysics, while self - transformation （ or Du - hua） of one＇s nature is emphasized, because of differences in things and the immutablity of the nature, the role of practice is also important in improving it, which is Guo Xiang＇s self - cultivation on the basis of self - transformation. Du - hua is to be inadvertently compliant （ or ＂Wu - xin＂ ）. From the on- tological perspective, this is the requirement from the outside world as well as the should - way of living of humans. Then how to achieve Du - hua is the problem to be solved in self - cultivation. Learning by practice cannot change the nature of the individual; however, by constantly repeated practice, the realm of being above worldly concerns can be reached, the perfect spiritual state of human beings come out and thus a free and unfettered life be achieved.