“客观实在”中的肯定和否定性精神分析

Spirits of Positiveness and Negativeness in Objective Reality

列宁关于物质的定义是马克思辩证唯物主义哲学的核心概念,但是以"客观实在"为标志的列宁物质观面临两方面的挑战:一方面来自于物质观所捍卫的对象,现代物理学发展对其构成挑战,人们发现物质不仅可以和能量相互转化,甚至量子物理学的研究表明世界最终可能是零,"客观实在"要捍卫的对象可能最终并不存在;另一方面来自唯心主义的挑战,如果列宁的"客观实在"只是抽象的概念,这与其他唯心主义哲学家从万事万物中抽象出的其他哲学概念,如:"理""理念""绝对精神"等将没有本质差别,导致如何理解唯物主义和唯心主义本质区别的问题。解决唯物主义哲学这两大问题,需要转变思路,重新认识"客观实在"的哲学意义和价值,以"客观实在"为标志的唯物主义在与旧唯物主义和唯心主义区别中展现出的"否定自身、肯定他者"的精神是辩证唯物主义哲学的核心价值,并且这种精神也体现在马克思主义理论和实践的多个环节中。

Lenin＇s definition of the material is a core concept in dialectical materialism philosophy. However, this concept with objective reality＇as its symbol is faced with challenges in two aspects： one is from the object guarded by itself, namely the challenge of development of modern physics to its constitution, wherein people find that the material can be mutually transformed with energy and even the progress in quantum physics shows that the world may become nothing finally; the other is from idealism. If Lenin＇s objective reality is just an abstract concept and has no essential difference with other concepts such as ＂truth＂, ＂idea＂ and ＂absolute spirit＂ abstracted by idealist philosophers, then there will be no distinction between materialism and ideal- ism. In order to resolve the dilemmas, we should change thought and reconsider the meaning and value of the philosophy of ＂objective reality＂ . In fact, the spirits of selfdenying and affirmation of others displayed in the objective reality are the cores of dialectical materialism philosophy. These spirits are also reflected in a number of aspects in the theory and practice of Marxism.