超高速撞击压力容器后壁损伤实验及建模研究

Tests and modeling for damage of pressure vessels' rear wall caused by hypervelocity impact

采用地面模拟撞击实验与理论分析相结合的手段,对球形弹丸超高速正撞击圆柱形充气压力容器后壁损伤问题进行研究。首先应用二级轻气炮进行压力容器超高速撞击实验,获得了容器后壁损伤特性;然后基于线弹性断裂力学、弹性力学理论,在弹丸不同破碎模式下,将碎片云及气体冲击波对容器后壁的作用简化为局部均布冲击载荷对固支圆板的作用,建立了容器后壁损伤预报模型,并通过与实验结果的比较,验证了模型的有效性。确定了在碎片云与气体冲击波作用下容器后壁产生穿孔和裂纹的临界条件及尺寸;并在考虑容器壁曲率影响的条件下,获得了容器后壁发生灾难性破坏的临界条件。

Ground simulation impact tests and theoretical analysis method were used to investigate damage characteristics of gas-filled pressure vessels’rear wall impacted by spherical projectiles with a hypervelocity and a normal impact angle.Firstly,tests of spherical projectiles hypervelocity impact on gas-filled pressure vessels were performed with a two-stage light gas gun loading technique,the damage characteristics of pressure vessels’rear wall were obtained.Based on the linear-elastic fracture mechanics theory and the elastic mechanics theory,a simplified damage prediction model for pressure vessels’rear wall was built under different fragmentized patterns of projectiles.In the model,the rear wall was assumed to be a fixed circular plate,the debris cloud and gas shock wave were assumed to be uniformly loads.The effectiveness of the model was verified through comparing the predicted results with test ones.The critical condition for rear wall’s perforation and crack,and the damage size under the action of debris cloud and gas shock wave were obtained. The critical condition for catastrophic rupture of rear wall considering the vessel wall’s curvature effect was obtained.