汉语局部同素反义名词研究

A Study on Chinese Local Morpheme Antonym of Nouns

汉语局部同素反义名词是局部同素反义构词法在名词中的具体体现。它在形式上,以"反义语素+共同语素"为主;在结构上,以偏正结构为主;在语义上,以"区别性特征+事物"为主;这充分体现了汉语词汇形式、结构和意义的统一性。在《现代汉语词典》中,局部同素反义名词约占符合局部同素反义构词形式要求之名词的86.4%,可见其内部语义对应性较强;而局部同素反义名词约占汉语名词的11.52%,这显示出名词局部同素反义构词具有不对应性,该现象的产生与汉语名词本身复杂性、反义词构成方式多样性等八个因素相关。汉语局部同素反义名词的形成源于汉民族讲究和谐对称的思维方式,它的存在丰富了汉语名词反义词及其构词类型,它的运用使表达具有对比强调等效果。对汉语局部同素反义名词的研究有助于词典编纂、反义词学习和词汇学理论研究。

Chinese local morpheme antonym of nouns is the specific application and reflection of local morphemeantonym word-formation in nouns. It is identical in form, structure and meaning, and its internal semantic correspondence is relatively strong. Due to the eight factors such as the complexity of Chinese nouns,the diversity of antonym mode,there are not so many local morpheme antonyms of nouns,which indicates that non-correspondence exists in such kind of word formation of local morpheme-antonym of nouns. The formation of the local morphemeantonym among nouns lies in Chinese thinking-mode of symmetry and harmony. Its existence and usage have enriched Chinese noun antonyms and word-formation types,and have achieved contrastive and emphatic effects of expression.The study of the local morpheme antonym of nouns is beneficial for lexicography,antonym study and theoretical research of lexicology.