论清代常州学派对今文经学的复兴——以庄存与、刘逢禄、宋翔凤为中心

Changzhou School in the Qing Dynasty's Contributions to the Revival of Modern Confucian Classics——A Case Study of Zhuang Cunyu,Liu Fenglu and Song Xiangfeng

清代中期,常州学派对汉代今文经学进行复兴,其目的在于让经学摆脱清前期由于考据学极度兴盛而出现的内在积弊,如考据难寻"义理",时常陷入"泥古"泥潭,解经学说琐碎、空疏,发展走向有悖于儒家经世致用传统等。庄存与、刘逢禄、宋翔凤等人高扬公羊学、义理解经、经世学风等,使得清代经学面貌焕然一新。它直接启蒙了以龚自珍、魏源为代表的后世今文经学家解经理路,促进了清代《论语》学的进一步发展,奠定了晚清否定古文经学运动的基础,并拉开了经学近现化发展的序幕,为传统儒家注入新的生命活力,使之重又焕发青春。

In the midst of the Qing Dynasty,the Changzhou School revived modern Confucianism in the Han Dynasty to rid Confucianism of the internal abuses that arose in the early days of the dynasty owing to the over-flourishing of textual studies. These abuses were numerous and varying,including failing to seek ＂reason＂by textual research and often falling into the dilemma of＂constraint to the classics＂,and interpreting Confucianism trivially and vaguely and even going against the Confucian tradition of applied governance or statecraft.Scholars such as Zhuang Cunyu,Liu Fenglu and Song Xiangfeng highlighted the theory of Gongyang,interpretation of Confucianism according to reason and pragmatic style of learning,highly renewing the situation of Confucianism studies in the Qing Dynasty. This directly enlightened the methodology of interpreting modern Confucianism of the later Confucians represented by Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan,promoted the further development of studies of Analects of Confucius and laid a foundation for the old-text-Confucianism-denying campaign in the late Qing Dynasty. It also pulled open the modern development of Confucianism studies and gave a new life to traditional Confucianism to make it rejuvenated again.