石家庄市大气PM_(10)单颗粒形貌成分分析与来源识别

Analysis of individual aerosol particle morphology and source of PM_(10) in the air in Shijiazhuang City

为了解石家庄市PM10的污染状况,应用扫描电镜能谱技术分析了石家庄市春季大气中PM10的形貌、粒径与成分特征。研究表明,石家庄市春季PM10形貌多样,球形颗粒较多,以小于0.5μm的细粒子为主,粒子数量随着粒径增大而减少。春季重污染与良2个空气质量等级下,重污染含硫颗粒的数量比良时高6.3%,说明重污染气象条件有利于二次粒子的生成。结合单颗粒常用来源得到石家庄市主要源类的贡献率,燃煤、工业排放、土壤及扬尘、机动车尾气为石家庄市主要源类。碳质颗粒为PM10主要组分,其数量占比为87%,主要来源为燃煤,石家庄市仍属煤烟型污染,但由于技术条件的限制,机动车尾气贡献值可能被低估。

The morphology,particle size and component of PM10 in spring atmosphere in Shijiazhuang City is analyzed by scanning microscopy spectroscopy to obtain the pollution status of PM10.It shows that the PM10 has various morphology.Spherical particles are the chief component of PM10.Fine particles with the diameter less than 0.5μm are the main part,and the number of particles decreases as the particle size increases.The number of sulfur particles is 6.3% higher in the heavy pollution air quality than in good air quality condition,which shows that the heavy pollution air quality promotes the generation of the secondary particulate.The contribution rates of the main sources in Shijiazhuang City are obtained combined with the common source of the single particle.Coal burning,industrial emission,soil,dust and vehicle exhaust are the main sources.Carbonaceous particles are the main component of PM10 which accounts for 87%,whose main source is from coal burning.Shijiazhuang City still belongs to coal-burning pollution city,however,the vehicle exhaust contribution might be underestimated because of technical limitation.