介入性肺脏病学在早期非小细胞肺癌诊断及治疗中的应用

Interventional Pulmonology Approaches in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Stage Non Small Cell Lung Cancer

肺癌的治疗非常复杂,需要多学科联合来提供综合治疗。介入性肺脏病学是利用微创的方式为疑似肺癌的患者进行初步诊断和分期,在目前仍是一个不断发展的学科领域。支气管超声引导下的对纵隔淋巴结采样进行分期,同时进行驱动突变检测是早期和晚期肺癌诊断及治疗的重要工具,支气管超声引导下支气管镜的进步使得可疑周围性病变的组织学采样的并发症发生率大大降低同时为立体定向放疗植入基准标记。此外,介入性肺脏病学可以缓解不可手术的癌症及晚期癌症。由于低剂量CT扫描用于肺癌的早期发现,对肺部结节的治疗有经验的肺病专科医师来说,最重要的是尽可能减少侵袭性采样,整合多学科诊治的模式进行分期。

Lung cancer management is complex and requires a multi-disciplinary approach to provide comprehensive care. Interventional pulmonology（IP） is an evolving field that utilizes minimally invasive modalities for the initial diagnosis and staging of suspected lung cancers. Endobronchial ultrasound guided sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes for staging and detection of driver mutations is instrumental for prognosis and treatment of early and later stage lung cancers. Advances in navigational bronchoscopy allow for histological sampling of suspicious peripheral lesions with minimal complication rates, as well as assisting with fiducial marker placements for stereotactic radiation therapy. Furthermore, IP can also offer palliation for inoperable cancers and those with late stage diseases. As the trend towards early lung cancer detection with low dose computed tomography is developing, it is paramount for the pulmonary physician with expertise in lung nodule management, minimally invasive sampling and staging to integrate into the paradigm of multi-specialty care.