近20年大同市土地利用/覆盖遥感变化分析

Land use / Land cover changes in Datong based on remote sensing data

应用多分类器集成方法获取1993-2013年4个时期的土地利用/覆盖分类图,利用动态度、转移矩阵及土地利用程度变化模型研究大同市近20年的土地覆盖时空变化特点,结果表明:(1)20年间区域有林地、人工林和建设用地面积的增长速度较快,灌木、裸岩、裸土和草地的面积减少较快。大同市整体土地覆盖变化反映了耕地林地增加、城镇扩展、灌草地和未利用地不断减少的土地利用变化格局;(2)大同市土地流失的来源为灌木林、草地及未利用地,地类去向为有林地、建设用地及农业用地,未利用地大部分被转化为林、草、农业用地;(3)阳高县、左云县、市辖区的土地利用程度最高,灵丘县的土地利用程度最低,建设用地及农业用地的增加使得大同市整体土地利用处于发展期;(4)大同市土地覆盖变化剧烈,主要受人口压力、资源开采及生态修复政策的影响。建议加强生态恢复功能,优化空间开发格局,并建立持续定期的遥感监测。

Land use / Land cover results in four periods during 1993- 2013 were gained by proposing a multiple classifiers combination system according to the features of land use / land cover in Datong. In order to study the characteristics of land use / cover of spatial and temporal variation nearly 20 years in the Datong,dynamic degree,transfer matrixes and land use / cover change models were used,and the results show that：（ 1） The main types of land cover in Datong were agricultural land,shrubbery,bare rock and forestland. The areas of forestland,plantation,construction land grew rapidly,and the areas of bare rock,bare soil,shrub and grass declined fast. The rate of land cover changes was related to status of soil / water loss and human activities.（ 2） The main land types,that were transformed to other types,were shrubbery,grass and unused land,meanwhile the land types transferred into were mainly forest land,construction land,and agricultural land. Unused land was mostly changed to forest,grass and agricultural land. Human intervention played a significant role in land ecosystem.（ 3） For land use degree,Yanggao County,Zuoyun County,and municipal districts owned the highest,and Lingqiu County had the lowest. The land use of Datong was in a developing stage due to the area increases of construction land and agricultural.（ 4） Due to the population pressure,resource exploitation and ecological restoration influence policy,land cover changed dramatically in Datong. Suggestions for the study area were put forward： strengthening the ecological restoration functions,optimizing space development pattern,and establishing a regular ongoing remote monitoring.