齐齐哈尔地区6种淡水鱼体内吸虫囊蚴类型及感染情况

Investigation on metacercaria infection rates and infection sites of 6 kinds of freshwater fish in Qiqihar

目的了解齐齐哈尔地区常见淡水鱼体内吸虫囊蚴感染情况以及囊蚴种类,为本地区人体吸虫病的预防提供参考资料。方法齐齐哈尔市临江市场、鱼塘及码头等地采集6种淡水鱼:麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva),鲫鱼(Carassius auratus),鲤鱼(Common carp),鲶鱼(Silurus asotus),葛氏鲈塘鳢(Perccottus glenii),白鲦鱼(Hemiculter leucisculus)。带回实验室后分别取鱼体的不同部位进行压片镜检,统计数据;为获纯净囊蚴,将鱼肉搅碎后采用胃蛋白酶消化法处理;对于典型标本,经10%福尔马林溶液固定后、醋酸洋红染色、逐级酒精脱水、透明、封片。结果本次调查共计检查504尾,总感染率为21.8%。不同鱼种的感染率依次为:麦穗鱼50.7%,鲫鱼28.1%,鲤鱼4.2%;而白鲦鱼、葛氏鲈塘鳢、鲶鱼检查结果为阴性。囊蚴的寄生部位以背部和尾部的肌肉中较多,40.2%的囊蚴寄生在鱼的背部,29.7%的囊蚴在尾部,而鱼眼部囊蚴数仅占2‰。在麦穗鱼体内发现有3种囊蚴,他们在形态、结构、大小等方面存在明显差异。结论本地区部分淡水鱼体内吸虫囊蚴感染较为严重,同时可能有不同种类的吸虫存在,不当食用可能造成吸虫病感染。

Objective To understand encysted metacercaria infection and distribution of common freshwater fish inQiqihar and provide a reference of prevention for the region＇s human fluke disease. Methods Six kinds of freshwater fishwere collected in Qiqihar market near the river,ponds and wharf,they are Pseudorasbora parva,Carassius auratus,Commoncarp,Silurus asotus,Perccottus glenii and Hemiculter leucisculus. Different parts of the fish were respectively examined bytabletting microscopy. In order to obtain a pure metacercariae,the fish was minced and digested with pepsin method.Thetypical specimens were fixed by 10% formalin,then were stained by aceto carmine,were dehydrated by alcohol,were transparent,were mounted. Results A total of 504 fish was examined,and the infection rate of metacercaria was 21.8%.The infection was most prevalent in Pseudorasbora parva（50.7%）,followed by Carassius auratus（28.1%）and Common carp（4.2%）. Encysted metacercaria was not detected in Hemiculter leucisculus,Perccottus glenii and Silurus asotus. Encystedmetacercaria is more in the muscles of the back（40.2%）and tail（29.7%）than other parts of the fish,and 2‰ in the eyes. 3.Three kinds of morphologically different encysted metacercaria were found in Pseudorasbora parva. Conclusion Theencysted metacercaria infection of common freshwater fish in Qiqihar is more serious,and maybe it exists different kinds oftrematode. Improper eating can make people infect trematode.