现代汉语推论示证表达方式“看来”与“可见”的比较分析

The Comparative Analysis of Modern Chinese Evidentials of kanlai(看来) and kejian(可见)

从示证范畴的角度对联系项"看来"与"可见"进行了考察分析,发现"看来"和"可见"分别是现代汉语中的假定示证表达方式和推断示证表达方式,其区别主要在于推理程度、对证据确切程度的要求以及认识方面的引申等,并从逻辑推理等方面找到了佐证。其在逻辑推理方面的主要区别在于确证度的高低,"看来"的确证度相对较低,"可见"的确证度相对较高,从而支持了我们对其作为示证表达方式的判断。还通过统计两词与一些标志性词语的共现频率,得出其主观性及未然度差异,验证了前文论断。

This paper mainly deals with the two synonymic relators of kanlai （看来） and kejian （可见 ） within the framework of categorical evidentiality, and thus claims that kanlai is an assumed evidential and kejian an inferred evidential. These two relators differ in accuracy of the evidences required as well as in degree of reasoning and epistemic extensions. And as is proved through logic reasoning exhibiting in the paper, the main difference between the two may be illustrated as that kanlai shows a lower degree of confirmation while kejian a higher one, which supports the identification of the two relators as evidentials. The paper also compares the differences of subjectivity and the degree of irrealis of the two relators through the co-occurrence frequency of them with some symbolic words, which verifies the conclusion above.