论政府反竞争行为的反垄断法规制体系建构

Legal Regulation System Construction of Antitrust Law on Government Anti- competitive Behaviors

政府在干预经济运行过程中,有意、无意地制定、实施限制企业竞争的制度,被称为政府反竞争行为。各国普遍通过规制政府反竞争行为,减少对经济的不合理干预。我国反垄断法仅规制行政性垄断,在规制对象、标准、方式等方面都存在很大局限,很难发挥类似的作用。事实上,秩序自由主义关于竞争秩序建构的制度方案以及宪法的基本原则,为反垄断法规制政府反竞争行为提供了合理性、合法性。先进法域也逐步建立起从事前减少限制竞争规则(决策)产生,到事后对管制之下企业反竞争行为执法的路径体系。我国宪法为建立相关规制路径预留了空间。因此,可以从顶层制度设计开始,健全相关制度路径,这是弥补行政性垄断的规制局限,确保市场在资源配置中发挥决定作用的关键。

When government regulates, it may either intentionally or unintentionally formulates and implements regulations reducing competition which is called public restrictions on competition. From the worldwide perspective, the countries pass regulations to regulate government anti -competitive behaviors in order to reduce unreasonable government regulation on economy. For China, its anti - trust law regulates administrative monopoly and great limitations exist in the scope, standard, regulatory methods make it hard for the antitrust law to play a similar role. In fact, the system program of the order - liberalism on competition order construction and the basic principles of the Constitution provide legitimacy and legality for antitrust law regulation on government anti - competitive behaviors. Advanced jurisdictions have gradually established a system from reducing rules （decisions） that restrict competition beforehand to enforcing law on anti - competitive enterprise behaviors afterwards. As for the Constitution reserved space for relevant regulatory paths, it is possible to improve relevant regulations starting from top - level system design, which is key to compensation for administrative monopoly limitations and making sure that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation.