护理本科生共情与人格特征的相关性研究

The relationship between empathy and personality characteristics among undergraduate nursing students

目的调查护理本科生的共情水平和人格特征，并分析共情与人格特征的相关性。方法在某护理学院1-4年级各抽取1个班共221名护理本科生，采用杰弗逊共情量表一护理专业学生版和艾森克人格问卷简式量表进行问卷调查。结果护理本科生共情总分为（83．14±11．26）分，总体水平较低。其中，换位思考（11．21±2．51）分，情感护理（27．38±5．64）分，观点采择（41．51±6．23）分。女生换位思考得分高于男生（P〈0．01），而情感护理得分低于男生（P〈0．01）；1年级学生情感护理得分低于其他年级（P〈0．01），而换位思考得分高于4年级（P〈0．01）。人格特征中的神经质与共情总分、观点采择、换位思考均呈正相关（P〈0．01）；精神质与情感护理呈负相关（P〈0．01），与换位思考呈正相关（P〈0．01）；而内外向与共情无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论护理本科生共情水平相对较低。人格特征中的神经质得分越高，共情水平越高，内外向与共情水平之间无相关性。

Objective To investigate the level of empathy and personality characteristics of undergraduate nursing students,and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Totally 221 undergraduate nursing students in Nursing School of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University were recruited and investigated using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Students and Eysenck Personality Ques-tionnaire-Revised Short Scale. Results The total score of empathy was （83.14±11.26）; The factor scores of adopting others＇ point of view,perspective-taking and providing emotional care were（11.21±2.51）,（27.38±5.64）,and（41.51±6.23） ,respectively. Female nursing students showed higher score in the factor of perspective-taking （P〈0.01）,while lower score in the factor of providing emotional care than male students（P〈0.05）. First-year nursing students showed higher score in the factor of providing emotional care（P〈0.05）,while lower score in the factor of adopting others＇ point of view（P〈0.05） than nursing students in higher grades. Neuroticism score was positively correlated with the total score of empathy and factor scores of adopting other＇s point of view and perspective-taking （P〈0.01）. Psyehoticism score was negatively correlated with the factor score of providing emotional care （P〈0.01）,while positively correlated with the factor score of adopting other＇s point of view（P〈0.01）. No correlation was found between extroversion- introversion score and empathy（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Undergraduate nursing students show low level of empathy. Their empathy level is positively correlated with neuroticism. The results failed to support the correlation between empathy and extroversion-introversion score.