产后抑郁发生现状及其相关社会心理影响因素分析

Current situation of postpartum depression and analysis of related social and psychological factors

目的了解妇女产后抑郁的发生现状，分析影响产后抑郁的社会心理因素。方法采用病例一对照研究方法收集2013年4月1日～2014年3月31日在该院住院分娩的600名产妇为研究对象，在产后42天内调查其抑郁发生情况并收集相关影响因素，分析人口学因素、婚姻家庭因素、自身健康因素和生活事件因素对产后抑郁发生的影响。结果产后抑郁的发生率为28．18％，经统计学分析，年龄、居住地、产妇是否独生、是否计划内怀孕、产前睡眠状况、孕期焦虑抑郁情绪、产假时长以及产妇和丈夫对婴儿性别的满意程度在抑郁与非抑郁人群的分布情况比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论年龄≤24岁、居住在农村、产妇非独生、非计划内怀孕、经常失眠、孕期有焦虑抑郁情绪、产假时长≤30天以及产妇和丈夫对婴儿性别不满意可增加产后抑郁的发生率。

Objective To understand the current situation of postpartum depression, analyze the social and psychological factors. Methods A total of 600 puerperae admitted to the Third Hospital Affiliated to Qiqihar Medical College from April 1 st, 2013 to March 31 st, 2014 were collected based on case-control study. The incidence rate of postpartum depression within 42 days after delivery was investigated, the related influencing factors were collected, and then the effects of demographic factors, marriage and family factors, their own health factors and life events factors on the incidence rate of postpartum depression were further analyzed. Results The incidence rate of postpartum depression was 28. 18%. Statistical analysis showed there were statistically significant differences in maternal age, place of residence, only daughter or not of the puerperae, planned pregnancy or not, prenatal sleep condition, anxiety and depression during pregnancy, maternity leave, and satisfaction degree with infantile gender of the puerperae and their husbands between depression group and non-depressed group （P〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion Maternal age ≤ 24 years old, living in rural areas, non-only daughter, unplanned pregnancy, frequent insomnia, anxiety and depression during pregnancy, maternity leave ≤30 days and unsatisfaction with infant gender of the puerpera and their husbands may increase the incidence rate of postpartum depression.