流动儿童社会支持状况及其影响因素研究

Study on social support status and influencing factors among migrant children

目的 分析流动儿童与本地儿童社会支持状况的差异,探索影响流动儿童社会支持的主要因素。方法 随机选取2014年10-12月绍兴市2所农民工子弟学校的儿童1 523名,其中流动儿童856名、本地儿童667名。采用社会支持问卷对其进行调查。结果 流动儿童的社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持度以及支持利用度均低于本地儿童。单因素分析结果表明,女生流动儿童的主观支持、社会支持利用度高于男生;初中生的社会主观支持和客观支持得分均高于小学生,不同学习成绩水平的支持利用度得分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素分析结果表明,影响流动儿童主观支持的因素是年级,影响客观支持的因素是年级、自评学习成绩,影响支持利用度的因素是性别、年级和自评学习成绩。结论 流动儿童的社会支持低于本地儿童;虽然未见各因素对流动儿童社会支持总分的影响,但对社会支持的3个维度均有一定程度的影响。

Objective To analyze the difference of social support status between migrant children and resident children,explore the main influencing factors of social support among migrant children. Methods A total of 1 523 children were randomly selected from two schools for migrant workers＇ children from October to December in 2014,including 856 migrant children and 667 resident children. All the children were surveyed by Social Support Questionnaire. Results The total score of social support,the scores of subjective support and objective support,the score of social support utilization among migrant children were lower than those among resident children. Univariate analysis showed that the score of subjective support and the score of social support utilization among girls were higher than those among boys; the scores of subjective support and objective support among junior high school students were higher than those among primary school students;there was statistically significant difference in the score of social support utilization among children at different learning levels（ P〈0. 05）.Multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factor of subjective support was grade; the influencing factors of objective support were grade,self- evaluation school records; the influencing factors of social support utilization were gender,grade,and self- evaluation school records. Conclusion Social support of migrant children is lower than that of resident children; although the study does not show the effects of various factors on the total score of social support,but they have certain impacts on three dimensions of social support.