20世纪50年代围绕兵役制度的探索与争议

The Exploration and Controversy about the Military Service System in 1950s

新中国成立后,为适应军队建设的需要,国家及时提出实行义务兵役制。它的主要特征是实行定期征集、定期退役,既可以使现役部队得到充足的兵员补充,同时可以有计划地积蓄强大的、训练有素的后备兵员。1955年7月,《中华人民共和国兵役法》颁布实施,这是新中国的第一部兵役法,它标志着长期实行的志愿兵役制度的结束,这是国家军事制度的一项重大改革。虽然义务兵役制是一种比较合理的兵役制度,但在实践过程中由于缺乏经验等原因出现了一些问题。新中国成立初期,围绕预备役制度、民兵工作以及是否恢复志愿兵制等问题,经过了较长时间的探索和实践,义务兵役制得到修正和改进,符合中国实际的兵役制度逐步确立,并不断发展完善。

In order to meet the needs of the military construction,the state promptly proposed the implementation of compulsory military service after the founding of New China.Its main feature was to implement regular recruitment and regular retirement which could not only get enough soldiers' supplements to active duty troops but also accumulate strong and well-trained reserved troops as planned.In July 1955,the promulgation and implementation of 'The Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China' New China's first military service law,marked the end of the long-term implementation of voluntary system and was a major reform of the military system of the state.Although compulsory military service was a relatively reasonable military service system,but existed some problems due to lack of experience and other reasons.In the early of New China,through the exploration and practice around the reserve duty system,militia work,if resume volunteers system and other issues for a long time,compulsory military service had been revised and improved the military service system in line with China' s reality got gradually established and constantly developed and improved.