冷战前期美国对东南亚华文高等教育的干预与影响——以南洋大学为个案的探讨

U.S.Interference in and Influence on Chinese Higher Education in Southeast Asia in the Early Period of the Cold War--Nanyang University as a Case Study

20世纪50年代,美国在亚洲的冷战活动持续扩展。以文化和教育为特征的意识形态战成为美国在亚洲反共产主义的主要手段之一。恰在此时,东南亚华人酝酿数年的华文高等教育学府——南洋大学——在新加坡成立。这使美国对中国借华文高等教育向东南亚扩张影响力的担忧进一步增强。由于亚洲特殊复杂的冷战形势,美国对南洋大学的政策经历了几次调整,到艾森豪威尔执政后期才最终明确了"推动华人学校逐渐融入所在国教育系统"这一优先政策目标。美国的政策和行动间接影响到了包括南洋大学在内,东南亚华文高等教育的走向。

The ideological warfare with emphasis on culture and education became one of the major measures of the U.S.government to counter Communism in Asia in 1950 s.Just at this time,Nanyang University(Nantah),the first Chinese-medium higher learning institution in Southeast Asia,was established.However,the prospect and practice of a Chinese university greatly enhanced concerns of the U.S.over the possibility of China's expansion in this region.Due to the complexity of the cold war in Asia,the U.S.policy towards Chinese higher education in Southeast Asia went through several adjustments.A policy was finally worked out under the Eisenhower Administration in the late 1950 s,which made clear that the United States should 'develop ways for bringing Chinese schools step by step into the host country's educational system.'