嘉兴市2004-2013年60岁及以上老年人法定传染病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological features of notifiable infectious diseases among senior residents in Jiaxing in 2004-2013

目的了解嘉兴市老年人法定报告传染病发病情况,为传染病防控提供依据。方法对2004-2013年60岁及以上人群法定传染病疫情描述性分析,采用Excel 2010和SPSS 17.0软件统计分析,率的比较用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果近十年全市报告老年人传染病23种23 555例,年均发病率377.17/10万,年发病水平下降缓慢,其他感染性腹泻病、肺结核、梅毒、病毒性肝炎、淋病和细菌性痢疾位居前6位;85岁及以上年龄组总发病率最高;农民和离退人员病例为主,分别占57.34%和30.24%;总发病率男性高于女性(χ2=2 239.15,P<0.001)。结论老年人是传染病防控重点人群,其他感染性腹泻病、肺结核、梅毒、病毒性肝炎、淋病和细菌性痢疾为防控重点。建议加强健康知识教育,增加社区健康体检必检项目,强化成人免疫接种等卫生学管理措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of notifiable infectious diseases among the elderly,and to provide evidence for disease control. Methods The epidemiological data of seniors aged over 60 years with notifiable infectious diseases in Jiaxing from 2008 to 2013were obtained via China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System,and analyzed by SPSS software. Results A total of 23 555 senior cases with 23 kinds of infectious diseases were reported during 10 year study period with the annual incidence of377.17 per 100 000 population in Jiaxing city.The top six were infectious diarrhea,tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis,gonorrhea and bacillary dysentery.Ninety-nine death cases were reported,and 74.74% died from tuberculosis.The incidence rate was the highest among seniors aged 85 years and over.Majority of cases were farmers and retired seniors,accounting for 57.34% and 30.24%,respectively.The incidence was higher among male seniors than females（χ2=2 239.15,P0.001）. Conclusions The incidence of notifiable infectious diseases is relatively high among senior residents in Jiaxing,and infectious diarrhea,tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis,gonorrhea and bacillary dysentery are the most common ones.It is very important to strengthen health education and improve awareness of disease prevention and treatment for the elderly.