论民法典(民法总则)对商行为之调整——透视法观念、法技术与商行为之特殊性

On the Regulation of Business Behavior by the Civil Code(Civil Law):Examination of the Legal Concept,Legal Technique and the Particularity of Business Behavior

现代民法在法观念上要有"整体的社会进化观",要能回应社会高度商事化、金融化、信息化、全球化,及伦理/诚信沦丧之规制需求。故,民法典编纂首先应在价值取向上有助于我们回归"好的社会";其次,要凸显"私法的宪法观",让法典编纂成为"落实宪法"、体现"公民参与"的私法行动;再次,还要有一定的规则弹性与张力,以更好地实现法律对复杂社会进行"弹性回应"之需求。在法技术上,编纂与民法典并存的独立商法典是"商法法典化"之最优模式,制定独立的商法通则是"可替代的最优模式"。因商行为在类型、效力、代理等诸多方面明显不同于民事行为,若仍然坚持"排商"的民法观,将商法视为"民法"而非"私法"的特别法,我们就不能顺利实现对商事关系的有效调整,不能在全社会建立起独立的商法/商事裁判理念,不能维持良善的商法秩序、有效地节省法律实施的成本——若民法典编纂在整体上忽略"商的特别需求",最终可能会成为一场自负、失败的法典化运动。

The contemporary civil law shall maintain the legal notion of the ＂totality of the social evolutionism＂, and echo the needs to regulate the society that is highly commercialized, securitized, information-based, globalized, and ethical/integrity fading. Thus, on the one hand, the codification of the Civil Code should be oriented to help us restore the ＂good society＂ ; on the other hand, it should also enable the law to ＂response elastically＂ to the society. From legal technicality, the best mode of ＂codification of commercial law＂ is to codify the Commercial Code that is co-existed with the Civil Code. The ＂second best mode＂ is to promulgate the General Principles of the Commercial Law. The commercial behavior is different from civil behavior in terms of type, validity, agency, etc. If the civil law is treated to be ＂exclusive＂, and the commercial law is treated to be part of the ＂civil law＂ instead of the special law of the ＂private law＂, we will be unable to effectively regulate the commercial relationship and spread the concept of independent commercial law/commercial adjudication through the whole spectrum of the society, and maintain a good commercial law order and conserve legal resources-if the codification of the Civil Code neglects the ＂special needs of commerce＂, it will turn out to be a conceited and unsuccessful campaign.