“VV”和“V一下”的语义及句法差异

The Difference of Semantic and Syntax between “VV”and “V Yixia”

"VV"侧重于描写动态动作的短时进行,"V一下"侧重于陈述动作过程的短时存在。这一语义差别影响了它们与动词的选择关系、与尝试义表达的关系以及进入"把"字句的自由度。有些动词既有"VV"式也有"V一下"式:当语义指向动作续段时倾向于用"VV",指向结果续段时倾向于用"V一下";当说话者预计施事只能是尝试或者动作结果难以实现时一般用"VV",当说话者确认施事能做出某动作或者对动作达到既定结果更有把握、想提出一个强加程度更高的指令时一般用"V一下"。

＂VV＂ is more emphasizing the short lasting of a certain dynamic action,while ＂V yixia＂ is more emphasizing the short existence of an action. Influenced by this semantic difference,＂VV＂ and ＂V yixia＂ differ in their usages systematically,which include types of verbs that can use ＂VV＂ or ＂V yixia＂ ,the two items＇ correlation with the expression of ＂attempt/try to do something＂ ,and the restriction on them application in the ba-sentence. Some verbs can both use ＂VV＂ and ＂V yixia＂ ,if the action duration is meant,＂VV＂ is more often used;while the resultative duration is denoted,＂V yixia＂ tends to be used. And,when the speaker estimates that the doer can not make the action happen or the re- sult realized but only try to make it successfully done,＂VV＂ is usually chosen;on the oth- er hand,when he/she predicates that the doer can fulfill the action or he/she means to impose an order with higher degree,＂V yixia＂ is normally the choice.