汉语使成结构的发展及其类型学解释

Typological Explanation of Causative Constructions in Chinese

使成结构的产生与发展是汉语语法学界一直关心的话题,但对于使成结构整体发展的动因与机制的讨论还有所欠缺,尤其是对中古时期隔开式使成结构的盛行与消亡还需要进一步探讨。本文借鉴语言类型学的理论成果,对汉语几种使成结构的演变进行解释。在多数语言中,使成形态与使成意义的直接性密切相关,越是接近于词汇型使成越适用于直接使成;越是接近于分析型使成越适用于间接使成。而汉语史上出现的几种使成结构不符合这些规律,因此在与其他使成结构的竞争中被淘汰。

The development of causative constructions is one of the most discussed topics in the history of Chinese grammar. The discussion focused on the generation and evolution processes of several kinds of causative constructions and the relationship between them. How- ever,the motivation and mechanism of the overall development of causative constructions are not discussed enough. Especially the reason why the most significant separated type ＂V1 ＋N ＋V2＂,＂V1 ＋（NP）＋shi/ling/jiao＋（NP）＋V2＂ construction in the Middle Ages declined need to be further explored. In this paper,on the basis of previous studies,using of language typology theory,we will interpret systemically the evolution of causative constructions. Among many languages ,the morphological differences and the meaning directness of causative con- structions are closely related,i,e, the closer to the lexical causative,the more suitable for the direct causatives,and the closer to the syntactic causative,the more applicable to the indi- rect causative. Some causative constructions in Chinese history did notcomply with this rule, so they were eliminated in the competition with other constructions.