《天工开物》设计理论体系的当代建构

The Contemporary Construction of the Design Theory System in Exploration of Works in Nature

Abstract:《天工开物》是明代科学家宋应星(1587-约1666年,字长庚,汉族,江西奉新人)集数十年深入调查研究之功而完成的一部划时代的著作。该书首次由宋应星之友涂伯聚刊行于崇祯十年(1637年,代表着世界现代工业文明的大事件英国资产阶级革命爆发的1640年前夕)。《天工开物》原书为二十卷,刊行时保留了十八卷,删去了《观象》、《乐律》二卷。全书内容丰富,几乎涉及到工业文明以前的所有农业、手工业各部门各领域各工种的生产技术、工艺流程、设计文化以及诸多问题。全书依据"贵五谷而贱金玉"的思想原则,进行理论架构,形成了独具中华传统造物设计理论特色的"天工""开物"体系,并与《考工记》、《营造法式》共同完成了中华"考工学"设计理论体系建构。作为全球化进程中的转型性的集大成之作,《天工开物》是中华传统"考工学"设计理论体系和工匠文化精神的代表性著作,值得我们认真阅读、研究、传承与开新。此次校勘出版,旨在为建构当代中国设计理论体系而发掘、积累、探索与开新。一、中国传统"考工学"设计理论形态及其历程概述《天工开物》内容丰富,几乎涉及到工业文明以前的所有农业、手工业各部门各领域各工种的生产技术、工艺流程、设计文化以及诸多问题。全书依据"贵五谷而贱金玉"的思想原则,进行理论架构,形成了独具中华传统造物设计理论特色的"天工""开物"体系,并与《考工记》、《营造法式》共同完成了中华"考工学"设计理论体系建构。作为全球化进程中的转型性的集大成之作,《天工开物》是中华传统"考工学"设计理论体系和工匠文化精神的代表性著作,值得我们认真阅读、研究、传承与开新。

Exploration of Works in Nature is rich in content. It covers the production technology, technological process, design culture and many other problems in almost all departments, all fields and all types of work of agriculture and handicraft industry before industrial civilization. The whole book constructs its theory under the principle of thinking highly of grains but making little of gold and jade, so it forms the system of ＂work of nature＂ and ＂exploring things＂ that with unique characteristics of traditional Chinese creation design theory. Together with The Artificers＇ Record and Rules of Architecture, they finish the construction of Chinese artifice＇s design theory system. As a transformed epitome in the process of globalization, Exploration of Works in Nature is the masterpiece that can represent traditional Chinese artifice＇s design theory system and handicraftsmen＇s ethos. It is worth reading, researching, inheritance, exploration and innovation.