丝绸之路经济带上中亚五国水资源一体化管理探析

The Analysis of Integrated Water Resources Management by the Five Central Asian Countries on the New Silk Road Economic Zone

近年来,中亚五国在淡水资源分配严重不均的不利条件下,实现了水资源利用的改善,主要体现为获取改善水源的人口比例不断上升、年度淡水抽取总量普遍下降和农业用水比例下降。中亚五国水资源利用的改善,得益于各国推行的水资源一体化管理战略,其水资源一体化管理战略强调公众参与原则,实践中体现在建立公众管理的组织机构、搭建公众与政府交流沟通的信息网络平台和制定公众管理的法律法规等方面。我国当前水资源严重不足且管理主体单一,应引入公众管理,建立政府管理主导、公众管理补充的新型水资源多中心管理体系;成立用水户组织,并支持和鼓励利益相关方参与决策;建设和完善信息网络平台,提高公众管理能力;制定配套法律法规,规范公众管理。

In recent years,under the condition of imbalance freshwater resource distribution,five Central Asian countries achieve these improvement on water resource utilization： increased population accessing to improved water sources,decreased annual total amount of freshwater extraction and decline of agricultural water. All of the improvement benefit from the integrated management strategy of water resources utilization adopted by the five countries. Integrated water resources management emphasizes the principle of public participation,embodied in the practice of establishing public management organization, setting up the information network platform for the communication between the government and the public and making public management laws and regulations. In the view of serious shortage of water resources and unitary management subject in China,public management should be imported to establish new-type multi-center management system of the government management playing leading role with the complement of public management. Water user organization should be established and the interested parties should be encouraged to participate in decision-making. The information network platform should be constructed and improved with the promotion of public management capability. The supporting laws and regulations should be made to regulate public management.