膜下滴灌水分调控对甜椒生长和产量的影响

Effects of Water Regulation of Drip Irrigation Under Film on Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper

为了探究膜下滴灌水分调控对大田甜椒生长状况、水分利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响,在张掖市灌溉试验站开展了甜椒膜下滴灌水分调控试验,试验共设4个膜下滴灌水分调控处理(充分灌水处理(T4)、轻度胁迫灌水处理(T3)、中度胁迫灌水处理(T2)及重度胁迫灌水处理(T1))和1个膜垄沟灌对照处理(CK)。结果表明:(1)甜椒坐果期,处理T4的株高和茎粗均显著高于处理T1,且该生育期平均日耗水强度和耗水模系数均达到最大,依次为3.28mm/d和31.55%,故坐果期为甜椒需水量最大时期。(2)与处理CK相比,处理T4增产9.27%,水分生产效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)分别提高25.33%和24.62%;膜下滴灌不同处理间,充分灌水处理T4分别比水分胁迫处理T1、T2和T3增产79.46%,71.11%和33.83%,WUE依次提高26.21%,32.23%和17.01%,IUWE依次提高8.22%,14.19%和16.60%。故膜下滴灌充分灌水处理为甜椒最适灌水模式,即最佳土壤含水下限为70%田间持水量(70%θf),上限为100%θf。

In order to explore the effects of water regulation of drip irrigation under film on growth,water use efficiency,yield and economic benefits of sweet pepper,an experiment of water regulations of mulched sweet pepper by drip irrigation was conducted in Zhangye irrigation experimental station.In this experiment,there were 4water regulation treatments of drip irrigation under film（full irrigation treatment（T4）,mild water stress treatment（T3）,moderate water stress treatment（T2）and severe water stress treatment（T1））,as well as a film ridge ditch irrigation treatment as control treatment（CK）.The results indicated that：（1）In fruit setting period,the plant height and stem diameter in T4 treatment were significantly higher than those in treatment T1,and the average daily water consumption intensity and average water consumption coefficient reached the maximum,which were 3.28 mm/d and 31.55%,respectively.Therefore,in the fruit setting period,the water requirements of sweet pepper reached the peak.（2）Compared to those in CK treatment,in T4 treatment,the pepper yield,water use efficiency（WUE）and irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE）increased by 9.27%,25.33% and 24.62%,respectively.Among different water regulation treatments of drip irrigation under film,the yield of sweet pepper in full irrigation treatment T4 was 79.46%,71.11%and33.83% higher than those in water stress treatments T1,T2 and T3,respectively.WUE in T4 was26.21%,32.23% and 17.01% higher than those in T1,T2 and T3,respectively,and IWUE in T4 was8.22%,14.19% and 16.60% higher than those in T1,T2 and T3,respectively.Therefore,drip irrigation under film is the most suitable irrigation mode of sweet pepper and the lower limit of optimum soil moisture content was 70% of field capacity（70%θf）while the upper limit was 100%θf.