有机无机肥配施对胡麻的耗水特性和干物质积累与分配的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizers and Manure on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Allocation of Oil Flax

为了探讨提高胡麻产量的合理施肥措施,以不施肥（T1）和施化肥（T2）为对照,比较了施用胡麻油渣（T3）、农家肥（T4）、化肥与胡麻油渣配施（T5）以及化肥与农家肥配施（T6）不同肥料对“张亚2号”胡麻耗水特性和干物质积累与分配的影响.结果表明,与T1和T2处理相比,T5和T6处理在现蕾至盛花期和盛花至成熟期的耗水量显著提高,100-140 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量显著增加,其中T5处理在120 140 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量较T1和T2处理分别显著增加30.50％和30.04％.说明有机无机肥配施有利于提高土壤水分的利用,尤其是土壤深层贮水的利用,以满足胡麻现蕾后的水分需求.T5和T6处理现蕾至盛花期和盛花至成熟期干物质积累量显著高于其他处理,开花后和成熟期每株干物质积累量分别高达132.65～146.22mg和377.42～402.49 mg.T5处理的籽粒产量与T6处理无显著差异,但均显著高于T1和T2处理.水分利用效率以T5处理的最高,显著高于T1和T2处理38.90％和10.01％.因此,化肥和胡麻油渣配施是本试验条件下胡麻最佳的施肥方式.

In order to find out the reasonable fertilization strategies for high yield of oil flax,we studied the influences of organic and inorganic fertilizers on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and allocation of oil flax（Zhangya2）.4 manure treatments（oil flax residue（T3）,farmyard manure（T4）,50%chemical fertilizers＋50% oil flax residue（T5）and 50%chemical fertilizers＋50%farmyard manure（T6））,as well as no fertilizer treatment（T1）and chemical fertilizer treatment（T2）were established.The results showed that in T5 and T6treatments,water consumption in the budding-flowering and flowering-maturing periods were higher than those in T1 and T2,especially for soil water consumption at depth of 100—140cm in soil.Compared to those in T1 and T2,in T5 treatment,water consumption at depth of 120—140cm in soil increased by 30.50% and 30.04%,respectively.These results indicated that combined application of chemical fertilizers and manure could increase the utilization efficiency of soil water,especially for deep soil water,to meet the water requirement of oil flax after budding stage.Besides,in T5 and T6treatments,the accumulative amount of dry matter in the budding-flowering and flowering-maturing periods were significantly higher than those in other treatments（p〈0.05）.After anthesis,the dry matter accumulative amount in T5 and T6 were 132.65～146.22 mg,and at maturity stage,the dry matter accumulative amount were 377.42～402.49 mg.The grain yield did not differ between T5 and T6,both of which were significantly higher than those in T1 and T2.The water utilization efficiency was the highest in T5,which was 38.90% and 10.01%higher than those in T1 and T2,respectively（p〈0.05）.Therefore,combined application of chemical fertilizers and oil flax residue is the optimum fertilizer strategy under the condition of this experiment.