山东省农村学龄前儿童饮食行为问题的干预研究

Effect of intervention on eating behavior problems among rural preschool children

目的通过对农村学龄前儿童饮食行为进行干预,改善农村学龄前儿童的饮食行为。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法选取研究对象。按照人均GDP水平将聊城市辖下的所有乡镇分为发达、中等及欠发达三类,每类抽取2个大体类似的乡镇,将6个乡镇随机分为干预组和对照组。最后在抽取的每个乡镇样本中随机抽取50户3~6岁的学龄前儿童的家庭。针对干预组的家长采取为期一年的干预,对照组不采取任何措施。结果经过一年的干预,干预组经常吃零食（31.1%vs 59.4%）、吃饭看电视（51.7%vs 66.5%）的儿童检出率低于对照组（P均〈0.05）;定期了解儿童膳食情况（53.6%vs 34.7%）、支持开展营养教育的家长的比例（100.0%vs 97.1%）高于对照组（P均〈0.05）。干预组中经常吃零食的儿童由基线的73人（48.3%）下降到47人（31.1%）（P〈0.05）;经常不吃早餐的儿童由基线的28人（18.5%）下降到12人（8.0%）（P〈0.05）;边吃边玩的儿童由基线的101人（66.9%）下降到78人（51.7%）（P〈0.05）;厌食的儿童由基线的66人（43.7%）下降到25人（16.6%）（P〈0.05）;给儿童服用保健品的家长由干预前43人（28.5%）下降到28人（18.5%）（P〈0.05）。结论此次通过对农村学龄前儿童的家长进行干预从而改善儿童饮食行为的干预措施取得一定的成效,农村学龄前儿童的饮食行为得到改善。

Objective To improve the eating behavior of preschool children through the intervention of eating behavior among rural preschool left behind children. Methods Firstly,select Liaocheng as the field.Secondly,villages were randomly divided into intervention and control groups.The intervention and control groups had three towns.Thirdly,eligible households and target children were identified. Results After the intervention,the ratios of snack（31.1% vs 59.4%）（all P〈0.05））and eating while watch TV（51.7% vs 66.5%）were lower than the control group,knowing children＇s dieting regularly and supporting nutrition education were higher than the control group.In intervention group,snack＇s number of children decreased from 73（48.3%）to 47（31.1%）,having no breakfast＇s number decreased from 28（18.5%）to 12（8.0%）,food face＇s number of children decreased from 101（66.9%）to 78（51.7%）,anorexia＇s number of children decreased from 66（43.7%）to 25（16.6%）,telling children to take care products＇ number of parents decreased from 43（28.5%）to 28（18.5%）. Conclusion After the intervention,the eating behavior of the preschool left-behind children is better.