江淮水稻钵苗机插生育特性与高产栽培关键技术研究

Study on Growth and Development Characteristics and High-yielding Cultivation Tech-niques of Rice with Nutrition Bowl Mechanical Transplanting in Jianghuai Area

以常规粳稻、杂交粳稻、杂交中籼稻为试验材料,于2011-2014年在安徽省凤台、包河、白湖、庐江等地,以常规毯苗机插为对照,对钵苗机插水稻生育特性进行了研究。结果表明,与毯苗机插相比,钵苗机插具有播种量低,秧苗素质好,秧龄弹性大,栽后返青活棵快,分蘖发生早,群体茎蘖苗消长平稳,成穗率高等优点;每穗粒数与群体颖花量显著增加,产量构成协调。在此研究基础上,对水稻钵苗机插超高产栽培技术进行了定量,为探索安徽水稻种植机械化新模式,促使农机与农艺更好结合,加速安徽水稻机插进程提供了良好的理论及实践基础。

The Field experiments were counducted to research the growth characteristics and high yield cultivation techniques of rice with nutrition bowl mechanical transplanting in Fengtai, Baohe, Baihu and Lujiang of Anhui Province form 2011 to 2014, with conventional japonica rice, hybrid japonica rice and hybrid indica rice as materials.The results showed that bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting has the significant advantages of lower sowing quantity, stronger seedling quality, higher seedling flexibility, faster re-green ability, earlier tillering, stable population culm and tiller dynamics, higher tiller percentage, and appropriate yield components, comparing with blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting. Meanwhile, the spikelets per panicle and population total spikelets under the bowl mechanical transplanting were significantly increased. On the basis of this research, the key high yield cultivation technique of rice with bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting was quantified. It provided a good theoretical and practical basis for researching new model of rice planting mechanization, improving the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy technology and accelerating the progress of mechanical transplanting in Anhui Province.