宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区半翅目昆虫多样性及区系研究

Study on the Insect Diversity and Fauna of Hemiptera in Ningxia Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve

选取宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区的人工次生林地(白芨滩样地)、干旱山地(宁东样地)、荒漠干草原(马鞍山样地)、人工固沙治理区(枣泉样地、磁窑堡样地)、流动-半流动沙丘地(甜水河样地、大泉样地、羊场湾样地)等5类生境8个样地,按照样线法进行随机采集,对半翅目昆虫的多样性及区系组成进行了调查研究。结果表明,该保护区共有半翅目昆虫8科29属40种,其中长蝽科为第一大优势科,其次为蝽科。优势种2种:桃红长蝽和横带红长蝽,常见种20种,稀有种18种。8个样地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数由高到低依次为:大泉、白芨滩、马鞍山、甜水河、磁窑堡、宁东、羊场湾、枣泉。以物种在生境中分布的有无,进行0-1数据系统聚类分析,结果显示人工固沙治理区和流动-半流动沙丘地物种组成相似性最高,干旱山地与其他生境差异最大;生境质量是影响半翅目昆虫多样性的主要因素。区系分析显示:保护区在世界地理区划中以古北区占绝对优势(87.50%),在中国动物地理区划中,保护区共有7类21种区系型,区系成分较为复杂。

Five habitats including artificial secondary forest land（ Baijitan plot）,arid mountain（ Ningdong plot）,desert steppe（ Maanshan plot）,manually-fixed sandy land（ Zaoquan plot and Ciyaobao plot） and semi-fixed dune（ Tianshuihe plot,Daquan plot and Yangchangwan plot） in Ningxia Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve were selected. Diversity and fauna of Hemiptera were investigated by random sampling method. The results showed that a total of 762 individuals from 40 species of Hemiptera belonging to 8 families and 29 genera were collected. Lygaeidae was the dominant family,followed by Pentatomidae. Lygaeus murinus and L. eqestris were the dominant species. The number of common species was 20 and that of rare species was 18. The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index in eight plots was Daquan,followed by Baijitan,Maanshan,Tianshuihe,Ciyaobao,Ningdong,Yangchangwan and Zaoquan. Habitat quality was the main factor affecting the diversity of Hemiptera. The result of system clustering based on the present or absence of species in the five habitats（ 0-1 data matrix） showed that： the species composition of manually-fixed sandy land and semi-fixed dune was similar while arid mountain land habitat was significantly different from the others. Habitat quality was the main factor affecting species diversity of Hemiptera. The result of faunal composition analysis showed that Palaearctic was the dominant species（ 87. 50%）. The species could be classified as 7 categories and 21 types of distribution patterns in zoogeographical system of China. Therefore,fauna composition was complex in Ningxia Lingwu Baijitan National Nature Reserve.