长广溪国家城市湿地公园鸟类群落结构及季节动态

Avian Community Structure and Seasonal Dynamic in Changguangxi National Urban Wetland Park

2012年4月—2013年3月,逐月对江苏无锡长广溪国家城市湿地公园鸟类群落进行了研究。共记录到鸟类61种,隶属13目30科,雀形目鸟类占主要地位,其中留鸟、冬候鸟、夏候鸟、旅鸟分别占总种数的34.42%、24.59%、29.51%和11.48%。鸟类区系以广布种和古北界种为主,兼有东洋界种,具有南北过渡的明显特征。全年优势种有6种,分别为小??、黑水鸡、白头鹎、八哥、棕头鸦雀、麻雀。从季节动态变化上看,鸟种数表现为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;数量表现为秋季>冬季>春季>夏季。鸟类多样性指数春季>夏季>冬季>秋季;均匀度指数为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季;优势度指数为秋季>冬季>春季>夏季。夏季与秋季鸟类群落间的相似性系数最大,夏季与冬季的相似性指数最小。同时对湿地公园鸟类适宜度作出总体评价,并且对公园后续建设及管理方式提出建议。

The avian community in Changguangxi National Urban Wetland Park in Wuxi,Jiangsu province,was surveyed from April 2012 to March 2013. About 61 bird species belonging to 13 orders and 30 families was recorded,and Passeriformes was frequently observed. Among of all,the resident,winter migrant,summer migrant and passage migrant were accounted for 34. 42%,24. 59%,29. 51% and 11. 48%,respectively. Avifauna was mainly consisted of widely distributed species and Palaearctic species,but Oriental species were also observed. Six dominant bird species,Tachybaptus ruficollis,Gallinula chloropus,Pycnonotus sinensis,Acridotheres cristatellus,Paradoxornis webbianus and Passer montanus,were observed during the whole year. The bird number was the highest in spring but the quantity was the highest in autumn. The diversity index was the highest in spring but the lowest in autumn; evenness index was the highest in summer but the lowest in autumn; dominance index was the highest in autumn but the lowest in summer. Jaccard similarity coefficient of bird communities was the highest between summer and autumn,but the lowest between summer and winter. Moreover,an overall evaluation of bird suitability in this park as well as some suggestions for the following construction and management style was provided.