社区高血压患者自我管理模式干预及效果评估

Self-management intervention and effect evaluation for community hypertension patients

目的评估社区开展高血压自我管理模式的效果,分析影响高血压自我管理效果的因素,提升自我管理能力。方法 665例高血压患者按照自愿的原则,根据地域、经济状况和人口分布等分为干预组和对照组,干预组342例患者采用高血压自我管理模式进行高血压健康管理;对照组304例高血压患者采取国家公共卫生服务要求的高血压三级管理模式进行管理,为时10个月。对两组管理前后进行问卷调查,同时进行血压测量,分析两组在高血压健康知识、生活方式及血压控制方面的变化,比较两组自我效能的影响因素。结果干预组高血压知识掌握情况明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);干预组健康行为形成方面较对照组明显提高,干预组血压控制率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论社区开展高血压患者自我管理,有助于提高高血压知识知晓率、健康行为形成率及血压控制率,能达到有效干预的效果。

Objective To evaluate effect of self-management mode for community hypertension patients, and analyze influencing factors of hypertension self-management, in order to improve self-management effect. Methods According to voluntary principle, a total of 665 hypertension patients were divided by territory, financial condition and population distribution into intervention group and control group. The intervention group with 342 cases received hypertension self-management mode, and the control group with 304 cases received hypertension three-grade management mode by national public health service principle, all for 10 months. Questionnaire survey was applied for both groups, and blood pressure was detected. Changes of hypertension knowledge, life style, and blood control were analyzed, and the influencing factors of self-management were compared between the two groups. Results The intervention group had better understanding of hypertension knowledge than the control group（P〈0.001）. The intervention group also had better improved health behavior formation and much higher blood pressure control rate than the control group. Their differences had statistical significance（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Implement of selfmanagement for community hypertension patients is helpful to improving awareness rate of hypertension knowledge, health behavior formation and blood pressure control rate. It can provide effective intervention effect.