我国八省市支气管哮喘患者对疾病管理与认知现状调查

An epidemiological survey on management and insights of asthma in China in 2009 to 2010

目的调查我国支气管哮喘（以下简称哮喘）患者对疾病管理与认知的现状。方法对2009年9月-2010年9月全国8个省市哮喘流行病学调查中确诊的2034例哮喘患者进行哮喘疾病管理与认知的问卷入户调查，主要内容包括：（1）患者一般情况；（2）哮喘患者的控制现状；（3）哮喘患者对疾病的认知程度；（4）哮喘对患者生命质量的影响。结果2034例哮喘患者中，462例（22．71％）患者在过去1年中曾进行过肺功能检查，294例（14．45％）患者拥有峰流速仪，仅33例（1．62％）患者每天使用峰流速仪进行病情监测，456例（22．42％）患者能正确认为哮喘是“气道炎症性疾病”，302例（14．85％）患者认识到哮喘治疗目标是“可以长期良好控制或完全控制”。能正确认知疾病本质的患者哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分[（20．60±3．92）分]明显高于不能正确认知疾病本质者[（19．95±4．43）分；t=-2．385，P=0．017]。1213例（59．64％）患者表示哮喘影响了其工作、生活和娱乐，181例（8．90％）患者表示需要依靠器具进行日常生活，甚至有93例（4．57％）患者因哮喘而产生过自杀的念头。结论我国哮喘患者对疾病的管理和认知程度依然不佳，正确认知疾病本质有助于提高哮喘控制水平。

Objective Through the analysis of relevant data of China Asthma and Risk factors Epidemiologic investigation （CARE study）, we understand the status quo of management and insights of asthma patients in our country. Methods Using multi-stage random cluster sampling method, epidemiological survey was performed on the prevalence rate in 8 provinces （cities） of China residents who aged over 14 years from 2009 to 2010. Detailed epidemiological data was collected via face-to-face home visit interview among 2 034 asthmatics who were diagnosed in the last epidemiology survey. Asthma was diagnosed based upon case history, clinical signs and lung function test. The SPSS12. 0 software was conducted for statistical analysis and the status of asthma control was investigated. Results This survey has shown that 22. 71% （462/2 034 ）asthmatics had ever taken a lung functional test in the past year. A total of 294 （ 14.45% ） people had peak flow meters but only 1.62% （33/2 034） regularly used it daily. There were 22.42% （456/2 034 ） asthmatics aware that bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. 14. 85 % （302/2 034）asthmatics understood that the treatment goal of this disease is long-term good eontrol or complete control. This survey has found that 59. 64% （ 1 213/2 034 ） patients complained that asthma has affected their work, life and entertainment, including 8. 90% （181/2 034） asthmatics dependent on instruments in daily life and 4. 57% attempting to suicide. This suggested that allergic asthma has seriously decreased the quality of life. Conehasion Therefore it is necessary to educate the asthmatics, guide the patients to the long-term management and standardized therapy and raise the level of disease understanding, thus reducing the burden of disease to society. Gaining better insight of patient＇s attitude about self-care is critical to the improvement of asthma management.