新疆主要民族空间分布格局演变——基于1982～2010年人口普查数据

Changing Spatial Pattern of Population of Xinjiang's Major Ethnic Groups,1982-2010

文章利用Arcgisl0．0软件，运用Moran’s I指数法，从全局和局部两个层面上分析新疆主要民族分布格局关联特征。结果表明：新疆主要民族的Moran’s I指数大于0，表明主要民族人口分布存在聚集和分散现象。以天山为界，维、汉民族人口在南北疆有明显的区域分异，北疆地区汉族人口集聚度较高，南疆地区维吾尔族聚居度较高。1982～2010年，新疆的汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、蒙古族人口的分布格局变化不明显，而回族人口分布格局变化明显。在多民族地区以民族间空间交流为基础，通过实施文化、经济和空间融合性规划设计，有利于引导区域间的民族融合；同时，开展区域性“社会规划”，优化布局区域性的教育、医疗、交通、社会服务等公共资源，为有序实现民族空间的融合提供保障。

Using Arcgisl0.0 and Moran＇s I index method, this paper analyzes changing spatial pat- terns of population of Xinjiang＇s major ethnic groups. The Moran＇s I index of Xinjiang＇s every main ethnic group is greater than 0, indicating different aggregation and dispersion of population distribution of Xinjiang＇s main ethnic groups. With Tianshan Mountain as the boundary, there is obvious differentiation between the Han and the Uygur ethnic group in southern and northern Xinjiang. In northern Xinjiang, the concentration degree of the Han population is higher, while that of the Uygur ethnic group is higher in southern Xinjiang. No obvious changes were observed of the regional distribution pattern of the Han population and Uygur, Kazak and Mongolian ethnic groups, but considerable change occurred to the regional distribution paltern of the Hui ethnic group over 1982 - 2010. Policy implications of the above results are discussed at the end of the paper.