黄淮海平原主要农作物全生育期水分盈亏变化特征

Water budget of main crops during the whole growth period in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

根据1957-2013年黄淮海平原40个气象站的逐日气象资料,利用FAO推荐的作物系数计算冬小麦、夏玉米、夏大豆、棉花全生育期需水量及有效降水量,利用线性趋势、M-K检验、GIS插值分析黄淮海平原主要农作物水分盈亏的分布特征及其演变。结果表明:4种作物全生育期均处于缺水状态,小麦全生育期水分亏缺值1974年前存在波动,之后下降;玉米、大豆、棉花水分亏缺持续下降,大豆、玉米在2007-2103年下降显著,棉花在1985-2013年下降显著。4种农作物全生育期水分亏缺呈阶梯状分布,北部、东北部为水分亏缺最严重区域,向南部、东南部逐渐递减。小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花亏缺值分别为386.5mm、251.5mm、191.3mm、437.6mm。

According to the meteorological data in 40 weather stations from 1957 to 2013 in Huang- Huai- Hai plain,we analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of water budget of winter wheat,summer maize,soybean,and cotton in the whole growth stages using P- M formula recommended by FAO,M- K test and linear trend. Results showed that the whole growth period of 4 kinds of crops was in dry conditions. Water deficit of winter wheat showed fluctuation before 1974,then showed downward trend; water deficit of of summer maize,soybean and corn declined continually. Downward of water deficit in summer maize and soybean during 2007-2103,and downward of water deficit in cotton during 1985- 2013 passed significant test at α = 0. 05. Water deficit of 4 crops showed ribbon- like distribution,the northern and northeast areas were the most serious water shortage areas and gradually decreased to the southeastern and the south. Water budgets of winter wheat,summer maize,soybean and cotton were 386. 5mm,251. 5mm,191. 3mm and 437. 6mm,respectively.