分类融入:流动民工社会融合的能动选择与效果

Classified Integration: The Active Choices of Migrant Workers' Social Assimilation and Their Associated Effects

作为结构与行动相融的理性选择,流动民工的社会融合策略需要通过多元类型学予以解释并结合实证数据予以检验。实证研究发现:流动民工群体内部存在"分类融入"的能动模式,他们呈现出不同的社会态度与行动策略,"融入型"流动民工更为认同城市文化,更加注重工作与生活的整体稳定性;"边缘型"流动民工选择"经济融入与文化排斥"策略,更关注个人发展与短期内收入的提升;"摇摆型"流动民工尚未决定是否定居城市,他们在社会态度与行动策略上与"边缘型"流动民工更为相似。不同样本的融合效果模型之间存在显著的拟合度差异以及冲淡效应,当前实证模型对"融入型"流动民工的社会融合状况具有较好的解释力,而对于"边缘型"和"摇摆型"流动民工来说则缺乏解释力。因此,学界需反思带有城市管理者视角的研究结论,将流动民工视为结构中的能动者,在尊重他们理性选择的基础上针对不同融入类型的流动民工展开更为细致深入的理论与实证分析。

As a rational choice that blends structure and operations, social integration strategies of migrant workers need to be explained by multivariate typology and tested by empirical data. Empirical studies find that the group of migrant workers consists of different integration types that feature different social values and action strategies. Integrative migrant workers tend to identify more with urban culture and care more about stability in their life and work; marginal migrant workers tend to choose a strategy that favors＂economic integration and cultural exclusion＂and focus more on individual development and the increase of short-term income; wavering migrant workers have not decided whether they will settle down in the cites, with their social values and action strategies more similar to those of marginal migrant workers. The integration effect models of the different types of migrant workers present among them significant difference in their goodness of fit and diluting effects. The current empirical model can offer a comparatively better explanation of the social assimilation of integrative migrant workers, but fail to give adequate explanation of marginal and swerving migrant workers＇ social assimilation. As a result, researchers should reexamine the research findings that are achieved from the perspective of city managers and take migrant workers as active members in the structure of integration. Researchers,out of due respect for migrant workers＇ rational choices, should have more detailed theoretical and empirical analyses of the different types of migrant workers＇ social assimilation.