中国残疾人特殊教育制度转型——福利政策体系化与福利提供优质化

The Transformation of Special Education System for Disabled People in China: The Systematization of Welfare Policy and Optimization of Welfare Provision

残疾人教育福利是中国社会福利制度的重要组成部分。残疾人特殊教育制度包含三个基本构成要素:特殊教育政策(社会政策)、福利接受人群(接受特殊教育的残疾人群)、福利提供机构(特殊教育学校)。我国特殊教育制度安排呈现阶段式发展,正在形成残疾人特殊教育福利从选择型到普惠型的转型。特殊教育政策从单一化、碎片化转型到整合化、体系化,教育福利接受群体从三类特殊儿童扩展到全体特殊儿童,从适龄残疾青少年扩大到一般残疾人群。特殊教育提供优质化,即从义务教育扩展到大学教育、职业教育等多个方面,特殊教育机构扩展到特殊学校、普通学校、职业学校、大学等,升级发展迅速,特殊教育教师数量与能力明显提升。特殊教育未来发展应该在目前发展平台上建立需要为本的、融入我国教育综合改革、整合到社会福利转型大局的新格局中。

Educational welfare for disabled people is an important part of China＇s social welfare system. Educational system for disabled people consists of three basic elements： special education policy（social policy）, social welfare recipients（disabled people who receive special education）, and welfare providers（special education institutions）. Special education system in our country has been through different stages of development. Now disabled people＇s special education welfare is shifting from selective mode to universal mode. The policy for special education is evolving from being limited and fragmented to being integrated and systematic. The scope of recipients of social welfare has grown from three special types of children to all special children, from school-age adolescents with disabilities to the general population of disabled people. The provision of special education is optimized： special education expands from compulsory education to college education and career education, etc; special education providers grow to include special schools, common schools, vocational schools and colleges; the upgrading of special education is very fast, and the number and quality of teachers are significantly raised. The future development of special education should be built upon its current platform and takes into account people＇s need, our country＇s general educational reform and the overall transformation of social welfare.