日本女性回归家庭意愿上升的社会学分析——基于社会性别差异的视角

A Sociological Analysis of Japanese Women's Increased Willingness to Return Home: A Study Based on Gender Differences

随着日本经济的高速发展,女性劳动者在就业市场中所占比例越来越大。女性从家庭走向社会参与社会经济活动,被认为是女性解放的一个重要标志。但是今天在很多调查中显示,拥有"专职家庭主妇"意愿的女性人数呈现上升趋势,出现了女性回归家庭的倾向。从家庭走向社会,再从社会走入家庭,这一变化的背后,一方面显示出社会发展背景下女性生活方式的多样化,另一方面也反映出女性就业热情的减退。究其原因,日本社会所宣扬的幸福女性的价值观,掩盖了职场中存在的性别差异的不平等现实,另外劳动女性在职场中被边缘化的现状严重削弱了女性劳动者的积极性。女性回归家庭现象产生的原因对女性劳动力市场的发展具有重要的警示作用,它也对中国的女性劳动力市场的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

With the rapid development of Japanese economy, female employees take up an increasing portion of Japan＇s labor market. Women＇s moving from home to workplace is regarded as an important symbol of women＇s liberation. However, a lot of recent surveys show that the number of women who wish to become a full-time housewife is increasing, manifesting women＇s desire to return home. From home to society and then from society back home, this change shows the increased variety of women＇s ways of life in a developed society on the one hand. On the other, it also reveals the declining of women＇s passion to take a job. The reason lies in the fact that the sense of happiness for women as is proclaimed by Japanese society conceals the inequity caused by gender differences in the workplace. Besides, the marginalization women employees suffer in the workplace greatly weakens their initiative. The reasons for women to return home are great warnings to the development of female labor market, and they can be important reference for the development of China＇s female labor market as well.