观人间净土——宇治平等院凤凰堂的宗教本源,建筑形制与外部环境空间

Religion Origin, Building Shape and Structure and External Environment Space of Byodoin Temple Phoenix Hall at Uji City

平等院位于京都府宇治市,始建于平安时期,原本是一座公家贵族的别墅,后"舍宅为寺"成为寺院。平安中后期世界末法思想盛行,基于这样的社会背景,1053年(天喜元年)在平等院中依据中国传来的净土宗西方净土变画作,兴建了阿弥陀堂(即凤凰堂)供奉阿弥陀佛以求往生西方极乐净土。凤凰堂具有独具特色的"一殿二堂"的三段式的建筑形制,水与建筑交融的外部环境空间。建筑与景观的整体营造,生动形象地表达了西方极乐净土的庄严和浪漫。

Byodoin Temple is located at Uji City, Kyoto, built in the Heian age. It was originally a noble villa, was later transformed into a temple. Because of eschatology became popular in the society of latter age in the Heian. Amitabha Hall （i.e. the Phoenix Hall） was built in the Byodoin Temple in 1053AD according to the Western Pure Land Illustration came from China. Phoenix Hall has a unique ＂a house with two halls＂ building structure and the exterior environment space blending of water and the building. The whole building and landscape vividly are expressing solemn and romantic image of the Western Pure Land.