可行能力视角下北方农村养老需求的实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Needs of the Elder Living in North China Based on Capability Theory

我国人口老龄化迅猛发展,农村养老需求满足度低,容易引发多种社会问题。根据内蒙古林东镇69位老年人的调查,基于阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力理论,深入分析北方农村的养老需求,具体需求包括:扩展政治自由,通过提高收入和获得土地保障改善经济条件,通过提供高效医疗、完善教育服务、创立公共组织和建设基础设施创造社会机会,获得防护性保障;这些需求之间相互影响、相互补充。满足农村的养老需求,在认知上确立老年人参与农村发展的主体地位是根本,实践中发挥不同养老需求的互补作用是关键。

With the rapid development of an aging population, the low satisfaction of the elder＇s needs in rural area is apt to give rise to social problems. Based on field survey of 69 elder people in Lindong town of Inner Mongolia, and guided by Amartya Sen＇s capacity theory, this thesis analyzes the elder＇s needs, including enlarging political rights, improving eco- nomic conditions by increasing income and ensuring land security, creating social opportunities through efficient medical treatment, adequate educational services, building up community organization and constructing infrastructure, and ensu ring protective security, which are of mutual complement and interaction. Thus, constructing subjective status of the eld- er in the development of the community is fundamental and exerting the interaction of different needs is the key.