辽宁省不同生态区玉米品种适应性研究

Adaptation of different maize hybrids in different ecological regions in Liaoning Province

选用适应性不同的8个玉米品种分别在昌图(辽北)、阜新(辽西)、海城(辽南)3个不同生态区进行品种适应性研究。结果表明,光、温、水是制约玉米产量的主要气象因子,尤其是抽雄期影响最大,多数玉米品种的产量与花期前后的气象因子存在显著或极显著的相关性。不同玉米品种在同一地区以及同一品种在不同生态区的产量存在显著差异,且适宜种植密度不同。昌图地区生育期内降水量最大,且光照、积温充足,适宜大部分玉米品种的种植,包括中地168、辽单1211、沈玉29、丹玉206和辽单527,中地168适宜密度为52 500株·hm-2、辽单1211为82500株·hm-2、沈玉29为82 500株·hm-2、丹玉206为45 000株·hm-2、辽单527为45 000株·hm-2;阜新地区光照充足,降水相对较少,玉米的平均产量较低,中地168、辽单1211适合在阜新地区种植,中地168适宜密度52 500株·hm-2,辽单1211为67 500株·hm-2;海城地区积温最高,降雨充足,光照条件较差,适宜郑单958、铁研56和丹玉405种植,郑单958和铁研56适宜密度为52 500株·hm-2,丹玉405适宜密度37 500株·hm-2。

This research on ecological adaptation of maize hybrids in Changtu（ Northern Liaoning）,Fuxin（ Western Liaoning） and Haicheng（ Southern Liaoning） was designed by two-factors split plot using Zhendan 958,Tieyan 56,Zhongdi 168,Liaodan 1211,Shenyu 29,Danyu 206,Danyu 405 and Liaodan 527 that have different adaptations. The results showed that maize yields were mainly subject to three meteorological factors including sunshine duration,air temperature and precipitation,especially at the tasseling stage. There were significant or highly significant correlations between the yields and the meteorological factors before and after flowering. Different hybrids in one region and one hybrid in different regions had significantly different yields and variable suitable planting densities. Adequate precipitation during growth period,enough sunshine and air temperature made Changtu a suitable region to plant most hybrids. Five of hybrids tested including Zhongdi 168,Liaodan 1211,Shenyu 29,Danyu 206 and Liaodan 527 were found to be suitable for planting in Changtu,and they had different adaptive densities： 52 500 plants·hm^-2 for Zhongdi 168,82 500 plants·hm^-2 for Liaodan 1211,82 500 plants·hm^-2for Shenyu 29,45 000 plants·hm^-2 for Danyu 206 and 45 000 plants·hm^-2 for Liaodan 527. Rich sunshine and air temperature,though relatively poor precipitation compared with the other two regions,led to reduced average yields in Fuxin. Relatively speaking in Funxin,Zhongdi 168 and Liaodan 1211 were suitable to be planted under the densities of 52 500 plants·hm^-2and 67 500 plants·hm^-2,respectively. Haicheng had the most highest accumulated temperature and enough water but less sunshine,where Zhengdan 958,Tieyan56 and Danyu 405 achieved the highest yields. Zhengdan 958 and Tieyan 56 had the same adaptive planting densities of 52 500plants·hm^-2,and planting density of Danyu 405 was 37 500 plants·hm^-2.