保护性耕作措施对红枣树光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of conservation tillage methods on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of jujube

以5年生骏枣为试验材料,研究不同保护性耕作措施对红枣树光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同耕作处理叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率和蒸腾速率总体上均表现为翻耕>旋耕>免耕;不同覆盖处理SPAD值、净光合速率和蒸腾速率均表现为秸秆覆盖>裸地>覆膜。(2)红枣坐果期净光合速率的日变化大致呈双峰曲线,各处理除免耕覆膜覆盖(NF)和旋耕秸秆覆盖(RS)外净光合速率总体上略高于对照免耕裸地(NB),差异不显著;而蒸腾速率则表现为先降低再升高最后降低,其中翻耕秸秆覆盖(TS)高于对照(NB)3.63%,达显著水平。(3)不同保护性耕作措施除翻耕覆膜覆盖(TF)外均能提高红枣产量,且效果明显,最大值TS高于最小值TF 73.96%,且TS高于对照(NB)44.53%,均表现出极显著差异。综合分析表明,TS处理具有较高的SPAD值、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和产量,是适宜该区枣园管理的耕作方式。

To study the effects of different conservation tillage on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of jujube,five years old Zizyphus jujube cv. Jun zao was selected as test materials. The results showed as the following：（ 1） On the whole,SPAD,net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of jujube increased in the order of plow tillage〉 rotary tillage〉 non-tillage,those of jujube straw mulching〉 non-mulching〉 film mulching.（ 2） Diurnal variations of photosynthesis rate in fruit setting stage of jujube roughly demonstrated double-apex curves. The net photosynthetic rate of all measures except for NF（ no till ＋ covering plastic film） and RS（ rotary tillage ＋ straw mulching）were generally slightly higher than the contrast（ NB）,but the difference was not significant. And the transpiration rate decreased firstly then increased but decreased finally,TS（ ploughing ＋ straw mulching） was significantly higher than control（ NB） by 3. 63%.（ 3） Conservation tillage measures except for TF（ ploughing ＋ covering plastic film） improved jujube production obviously. Comprehensive analysis showed that TS had higher SPAD,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and yield,which can be used for jujube orchard management in the target area.