用于空间展开机构的SMA驱动器性能研究

Properties of SMA actuator applied to space deployable structure

介绍了应用于空间航天器展开机构的几种驱动方式,并对各种驱动方式进行分析比较,得出一种基于形状记忆合金扭簧来驱动展开空间机构。采用形状记忆合金丝制备SMA扭簧,对SMA扭簧进行了性能测试,得出SMA扭簧的扭矩-角度关系,确定SMA扭簧的圈数。利用合页铰链将SMA扭簧与太阳能帆板连接,在10.5 V电压的激励下测试SMA扭簧驱动太阳能帆板,得出太阳能帆板展开角度与时间的关系。实验结果表明:SMA扭簧驱动太阳能帆板展开180°的时间约为15.4 s,在4.0 s时,太阳能帆板展开角度明显增大;在帆板展开180°后,SMA扭簧的扭矩为8.54 N·mm。这种驱动器的驱动效果较好,且响应时间较快。

Several drive modes applied to the spacecraft deployable structure were introduced. Each of the drive modes was analyzed and compared,and a drive mode of actuating and unfolding space structure based on the shape memory alloy（SMA）was developed. Shape memory alloy wire was employed to fabricate SMA torsion spring. The property of SMA torsion spring was tested,the relationship between torque and angle was obtained and the cylinder number of SMA torsion spring was determined.Solar panels were connected with SMA torsion spring by hinges. Under the stimulation of 10.5 V voltage,its angles were tested at different time. The results indicate that it is about 15.4 s that solar panels are expanded to 180°,which are actuated by SMA torsion spring,its angle increases obviously at 4.0 s. After expanding to 180°,the torque of SMA torsion spring is 8.54 N·mm.The property of the SMA actuator is high,moreover,the response is prompt.