日本社区治理的模式、理念与结构——以混合型模式为中心的分析

Pattern,Concept and Structure of Community Governance in Japan——with analysis focused on hybrid model

国际上社区治理有政府主导型、自治型、混合型三种模式。从现实情况来看,我国是政府主导型社区治理模式,而混合型治理模式是我国从政府主导型社区治理模式向自治型治理模式转变的必由之路和现实选择。日本作为混合型社区治理模式的代表国家,其社区治理经历了形成时期、官办化时期、被禁时期、恢复时期和自主时期,确立了准自治原则、民主原则、自律原则和服务原则,社区治理模式由政府主导型模式转变为混合型模式,其社区治理模式的转型背景与中国有众多相似之处,因此日本社区治理模式的转变历程及相关经验对正处于转型期的中国城市社区自治具有重要的借鉴价值和启示意义。我国在社区治理模式转变的过程中应当通过构建居民自治的社区文化、厘清政府与自治组织的职能边界、建立多元化的组织参与体系进一步完善城市社区自治。

The international community has three models of community governance：government-led.autonomy.and mixed.From a practical point of view.the community governance model in our country is government-led.The hybrid governance model is the only practical way for our community governance model to change to the autonomous governance model.Japan is a representative country which adopts a mixed community governance model.and has gone through the period of forming.government-run.banned.recovery and the period of autonomous.It established the principle of semi-autonomous.democratic.self-discipline and service.Its model of community governance changed from the government-led mode to hybrid mode.and its transformational background and process of community governance model change has many similarities with China.so its relevant experience in transformation of community governance model is an important reference and enlightenment for the Chinese urban community autonomy.In the process of transformation of the community governance model.we should build a culture of community autonomy.clarify the functional boundaries between the government and autonomous organizations.and establish a wide range of organizations to improve the urban community autonomy.